Adolescent Risk Behavior And Varying Family Structures Social Work Essay Example

Adolescent Risk Behavior And Varying Family Structures Social Work Essay Example Adolescent Risk Behavior And Varying Family Structures Social Work Essay Adolescent Risk Behavior And Varying Family Structures Social Work Essay or 25.8 million members of the young person population surveyed, reported utilizing marihuana within the 30 yearss prior to the conductivity of the study. With both adolescent substance usage and changing familial constructions increasing over this clip it is difficult non to oppugn if a relationship between the two exists. The addition in divorce in the United States has besides led to much guess on whether or non the rapid alteration in household construction and support has affected the kids involved. It has been shown that divorce is a extremely nerve-racking clip for all members of the household, and being a kid of divorce I can certify to this fact. In most instances, one of parents greatest concerns is how divorce will impact their kids. As predicted, in times of rapid societal alteration ( ie divorce ) or hurt, societal control and norms are weakened and this rapid alteration serves to deregulate values, beliefs, and general norms ( Berkman et al. 1969 ) . As a consequence of the rapid societal alteration caused by divorce, kids may roll from their ethical motives and general norms and go more inclined to prosecute in hazard behaviours. They besides may turn to substance utilizations as a manner to get by or as a manner to suit in with their equal group. Flewelling et Al. found that higher degr ees of illicit substance usage were found for kids in non-intact households or non atomic places and that kids in these places were much more likely to prosecute in initial drug usage. These surveies suggest that there is a relationship between non-intact places and increased substance usage. This survey seems to propose that there is a relationship between striplings and household construction but to what extent is it the changing household constructions that is act uponing the behaviours. Bjarnason and co-workers found that striplings populating with both biological parents engaged less often in heavy intoxicant usage than those populating in any other household construction. The survey found that more alcohol ingestion was observed in kids populating with a individual male parent than a individual female parent. Through their consequences they concluded that increased intoxicant ingestion is associated with non-intact households and supports the thought that some relationship must be between substance usage and non-intact household construction. However, is it merely the deficiency of both parents in the place that cause increases in substance usage or can it change among the different non-intact constructions themselves? Hoffmann and co-workers research found that even after seting for sociodemographic factors the hazard of drug usage is lowest in mother-father households. Hoffman and collegues besides examined other household construction and found was that the highest degree of drug usage was found in striplings in father-custody households ( father-only and father-stepmotherfamilies ) This survey provides interesting consequences because it suggests that Ta difference does be between patriarchal and matriarchal household units. This brings up the inquiry of why are at that place differences between individual female parent places and individual male parent places. If it is merely the difference between integral households and non-intact households that causes the addition in adolescent substance usage so why is at that place changing rates of substance usage between female parent and male parent individual places? In farther analysis of the influences of household construction on adolescent substance maltreatment, it is necessary to see factors besides the physical construction of the household substructure as justification for increased substance maltreatment and analyze a apogee of household hazard factors and the quality of the familiar relationships. It is undeniable that parents are of import an of import portion in furthering healthy behaviours and wonts but is it merely the fact that Mom or Dad are absent at the dinner tabular array that makes a child participate in intoxicant and drug related activities? Much research has been conducted on this subject and most have found that it is non merely this household construction that determines the hazard behaviour but that there are other factors that cause the forms observed. The survey conducted by Flewelling et al. , supports the thought that household behaviours influence increased hazard behaviour in striplings both quantitatively and qu alitatively. The survey presents the thought that it is parental interactions and relationships that influence imbibing. That it is by proxy that the kids in for deficiency of a better word broken places turn to substance maltreatment. They suggest adolescent intoxicant usage appears to run chiefly through deteriorated dealingss between striplings and their parents ( Flewelling ) . This research brings up an of import point that maybe it is factors normally associated with broken places that caused the relationship between household construction and hazard behaviour. Besides, much of society will hold that parents play a critical function in learning their kids the regulations of society and what classifies as proper and appropriate behaviour. Parents provide subject and monitoring as a agency of forestalling aberrant behaviour and engagement in common hazards behaviours. It has therefore been shown that the relationship between parents and their kids is indispensable in act uponing a kid s risks behaviours peculiarly in respects to adolescent substance maltreatment ( Sokol-Katz et Al. 1997 ) . If a individual parent is excessively busy seeking to supply a comfy life manner for their household they may non be able to supply this necessary relationship that their kids need. Over the past two decennaries much research has been conducted to analyze this quandary in individual parent families. Most research workers support the thought that it is the behaviours and positions that tend to be associated with these individual parent places that are really interceding the stripling hazard behaviour. Harmonizing to one survey it is parental bound scene ( Turner ) , that is the cause of the form of increased hazard behaviour in kids from non-intact households. Turner et Al. goes on to explicate that because individual parentage is so demanding parents may be less likely to put bounds and allow early liberty to their kids. This increased independency granted so early in childhood seems to hold a correlativity with increased hazard behaviours. The survey provides the illustration of a sample of 8th graders and after school wonts. Some of the 8th classs were left place entirely while their several individual parents are at work and the others had their parent plac e when they arrived from school. The survey found that the kids who were left place entirely exhibited an increased prevalence in experimentation with baccy, intoxicant and marihuana. The survey concluded that it is parental engagement in their kids s lives that seems to intercede the opportunity of substance usage non merely the fact that the kid lived in a non-intact place. This provides of import penetration into the relationship between household construction and stripling hazard behaviour. If it is non merely the household construction that is doing the correlativity so there are methods that can be taken to cut down the job that is lending to the kid s substance usage other than the unhappy twosomes holding to remaining together. The deduction of this research is great. This research allows one to see if possibly kids in non-intact households are at greater hazard for accommodation because their parents do non hold clip to give the degree of support needed by the kids in an al ready tense late changed environment and that this is what causes the kids to seek support through drug usage. Although many would reason that experimenting with intoxicant and drugs is the norm for adolescents today, Brook and co-workers found that substance maltreatment may be positively influenced by increased parent-adolescent relationship quality and effectual parenting. ( Brook et al. 1984 ) . However how do we quantify what is effectual parenting and how does this contribute to take down stripling substance usage. A survey performed by Barnes et Al. supports the claim that parental support and monitoring are of import forecasters of adolescent results. Barnes et Al. explains that there is by and large a additive relationship between parental support and stripling results. They found that parents who show more support and who exhibit more attachment to their kids produce kids with a lower opportunity of hazard behaviours. The constitution of such interactions is critical to parental consciousness of many fortunes and issues that could potentially promote hazard behaviour amongst strip lings. Parental consciousness and engagement represents a sort of protection from exposure to drugs and intoxicant. It has been shown systematically to hold a positive influence on stripling substance usage through buffering striplings interaction and association with equals of active drug usage ( Wang et al. 2009 ) . Parental consciousness is successful for the obvious grounds, parents are non merely witting of where their kid is but they are besides knowing about the activities that they are involved in and about the persons whose company their kids maintain. Information such as this gives parents the ability to interact more closely with their kids. It allows them to foster safeguard them from a assortment of societal force per unit areas such as substance maltreatment, and maneuver them on a way of less hazardous behaviours. Research workers have demonstrated that strong parent-adolescent relationships tend to function as a resilience factor by cut downing the impact of peer dr ug influences ( Farrell and White 1998 ) . In add-on to the development and practicing of effectual parenting accomplishments and set uping a better more knowing relationship with their kids, the emotional connexion between parents and kids is of great importance in act uponing kids s hazard seeking behaviours. Surveies have shown that a relationship exists between the measure and quality of parent-child relationships and substance maltreatment. As a consequence of their surveies, Farrell et Als have shown that increased adhering with striplings correlatives to a lessening in the hazard behaviours in which they partake. An addition in trust and the development of a common apprehension between two people is frequently the consequence of any bond and therefore, it is apprehensible that increased parent-child relationships would expose such effects on substance maltreatment. When parents are actively involved in their kids s lives they tend to monopolise more of their kids s times merely because of the nature of their increased relationship. Thus, passing leisure clip with parents restricts chances of prosecuting in imbibing and drug activities ( Kuntsche et al 2006 ) . in add-on, high degrees of household struggle appear to increase the hazard for job behaviours, including those associated with intoxicant and drug maltreatment. When looking more specifically at the relationship between female parents and adolescents the same effects of struggle clasp true. Additions in mother-adolescent statements were related significantly to drug usage. Adolescents who classified their relationships with their female parent as positive, describing low engagement in intoxicant and illicit drug usage ( Farrell el al 1998 ) . This relationship demonstrates the importance of societal coherence within the household place. Feeling portion of a group, or in this instance portion of a household, has clearly been shown to be connected to both an person s physical and mental wellness. Overall it is difficult to contend that fact that some relationship undeniably exists between household construction and hazard behaviours. Because adolescent substance usage is such a big job there are many statistics to back up the relationship. However the existent cause of the relationship is what becomes ill-defined. Many research workers have found that non-intact household structures come with many factors that contribute to depression, solitariness, and sudden alterations. The emotional turbulences of the household can act upon a immature individual to experiment more to suit in, to get by with their emotions, or merely as an act of rebellion. Besides, in non-intact households, more specifically single-parent places, societal and economic factors contribute to a great extent to the household moral force. Without two parents in the place a single-parent must equilibrate clip between work, their kids, and their ain lives with it s ain stressors. Many parents struggle with this balance and the consequence is normally that their kids do non have as much support or monitoring that they need and turn to drugs and intoxicant. The relationship presented does non possess a black and white solution. Many methods must be used to do certain young person in non-intact places and even in integral places do nt turn to drugs and intoxicant. Parents should seek to interact with their kid every bit much as possible and constructing a strong household relationship should be of topmost importance. Many of the hazard factors associated with increased substance usage are non fixed and must be adjusted before they become a job.

Substitute Folder - Creating a Teacher Packet

Substitute Folder - Creating a Teacher Packet A substitute folder is an essential resource that all teachers should have prepared and clearly labeled on their desk in case they are absent. This folder should provide the substitute with important information to help them teach your students throughout the day. What to Include in Your Substitute Packet The following list includes  general items to include in your substitute teacher packet: Class List:  Provide a class list and place a star next to the students that can be trusted to help the substitute with any questions they may have. Teacher Schedule:  Provide a schedule of any duties that the teacher may have (bus duty, hall duty). Attach a map of the school and mark the spots where theyre assigned to go. Class Schedule/Routine:  Include a copy of the daily routine. Provide information such as how attendance is taken and where it should go, how student work is collected, when students are able to use the restroom, how students are dismissed, etc. Classroom Discipline Plan:  Provide your classroom behavior plan. Inform substitutes to follow your plan and leave you a detailed note if any student has misbehaved. School Policies:  Include a copy of the school behavior plan, what to do in case of an early dismissal, playground rules, lunchroom rules, tardy procedure, computer usage, and rules, etc. Seating Chart:  Provide a copy of the class seating chart clearly labeled with each students name and any important information about each child. Emergency Procedures/Fire Drills:  Include a copy of the schools emergency procedures. Highlight escape  routes and exit doors, so that the substitute will know exactly where to take the children in case of an emergency. Important Student Information:  Provide a list of students food allergies, medical information (such as medicine) and any other special needs. Time Fillers:  Select a few five-minute activities in case the substitute has a few extra minutes to spare. Emergency Lesson Plans:  Select at least a weeks amount of emergency lessons in case you are not able to complete a lesson for them. Include spare worksheets and review sheets with enough copied for the whole class. Colleagues Contact Information:  Include a list of names and numbers of the surrounding classroom teachers and faculty. A Note from the Sub:  Provide a worksheet for the substitute to fill out at the end of the day. Title it A Note From_______ and have the substitute fill in the blanks for the following items: Date:____My day was____The following students were helpful______Some problems I had throughout the day were_____Additional Comments______ Additional Tips Use a three-ring binder with dividers and clearly label each section. Some options for organizing your binder are:Use a divider for each day of the week and place detailed lesson plans and procedure for that day.Use a divider for each essential item and place contents in the appropriate section.Use a divider and color coordinate each component and place contents in each section. Place important items in the front pocket such as office passes, hall passes, lunch tickets, attendance cards, etc.Create a Sub Tub. Place all essential items in a color-coordinated filing tub and leave on your desk each night, just in case.If you know you will be absent then write the daily routine on the front board. This will give the students and the substitute something to refer to.Lock up personal belongings; you do not want the students or substitute having access to your personal information.Clearly, mark the folder and place it on your desk or in an obvious location.

Strategic Analysis and Chance to Choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6750 words

Strategic Analysis and Chance to Choose - Essay Example Michael Porter (1985) further proposed that organisations pursingpursuing both cost leadership and differentiation strategies have in fact no competitive edge at all. and Rather, he asserts they are in fact "'stuck in the middle"' between both cost leadership and differentiation strategies resulting inwith no clear strategy for competitive advantage. Although I have chosenWhile the two chosen organisations within my industry I feel meet the criteria for this report, one organisation following cost leadership strategy whilst and the other following differentiation strategy, I feel somewhat reluctant to agree that an organisations within today's business environment are arguably not entirely restricted by Michaels Porter's proposed strategies on competitive advantage. The two organisations chosen for this report compete within the computer aided manufacturing software industry. EdgeCAM by its name is developed and distributed directly by Pathtrace Limited and is a third generation computer aided and manufacturing software package., its counter part within competitive analysis is SolidCAM is also computer aided manufacturing (CAM) solution. Porter proposed that along with cost leadership and ... of Ccost leadership, differentiation and focus organisations strategies can achieve competitive advantage for an organisation, according to Porter. Organisations following cost leadership strategy typically involve are companiey's engaged inthat delivering their product(s) and at the lowest quality level acceptable by to buyers that will lead them to cost advantage over their competitors. Cost leadership is more about how the company can leverage its product within its market through effective ongoing cost efficiencies within the organisation, backed-up by strong management concentrating on fully utilising the company'sir resources to their fullest. In contrast, organisations following a differentiation strategy seemingly are willing to actually add costs in order to increase'add' the value through by which they differentiateing their products. that will appeal to given series of buyers within the market. This could in fact be throughSuch cost increases could be aimed at achieving superior quality or performance of the product, or less intangible items like post-after sales service. Porter's differentiation strategy in similar respects followsis similar to branding strategy in which the strategythat relies on promoting 'distinctive' brand elements of the product. (Kotler P and Keller K, Marketing Management P.296) Porters also proposed a third strategy of called focus. Thise theory behind this isholds that customers have very different products or service needs, and therefore can be grouped together to form narrow niches within the industry. These segments or groups are then targeted in a. Unlike cost and differentiation strategies the focus strategies is similar manner to the

Management Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 5

Management Portfolio - Essay Example The Safety Management System shall include policies and procedures on risk assessment and analysis and provisions for safety audits. The Quality Management section outlines the principles which project managers shall abide by in the conduct of the projects’ execution. Quality management is conducted with a view to aligning operations activities and results with the needs and demands of the customers. Project Management refers to the execution of project plans per site. It involves the internal coordination and workings among the various elements of the project, and coordination between project managers and the immediate environment (the community and local government). Operations Management refers to the coordination among the various projects and liaison between the projects and the firm. It is linked with the Financial and Commercial Management aspects of the project, in that it keeps an eye towards the cost-versus-benefits aspect of the project execution. The project management will embody the regulations of Statutory Instrument 1996 No. 1592, otherwise known as The Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996, as well as internationally accepted principles of health, safety and welfare management. Pertinent provisions of said Instrument are hereunder adopted, as follows: As a matter of policy, management assumes responsibility for instituting health and safety facilities during the project actualization, and for implementing safety standards over all persons and processes involved in the project. Management expects every employee to comply with safety rules and processes implemented during project execution. In project sites, including ingress thereto and egress therefrom, it shall be ensured that such will be free from potential hazards to any persons, as far as is reasonably practicable. Measures shall be adopted to ensure that no person gains access to any place within the project

Othello Essay Example for Free

Othello Essay Shakespeares Othello is the study of how a seemingly successful Venetian general, is skilfully manipulated by the cunning Iago, who by exploiting Othello’s insecurities transforms his identity into a jealous murderer. At the beginning of the play, Othello’s identity is that of an assiduous black general who fought exceptionally hard to gain respect in a white dominated society. In marrying Desdemona, Othello adds to his identity by being a lover and husband and his identity is portrayed to be interconnected to his love for Desdemona. Iago is jealous of Othello’s high standing and greatly respected identity and therefore undermines Othello’s confidence in his wives faithfulness and turns his identity into an irrational jealously. Shakespeare utilises a number of key techniques in ‘Othello,’ to indicate the extent of Othello’s identity changes. These changes are effectively conveyed to the audience through the contrast of Othello’s outward appearance with his affable interior. They are further exemplified through the themes of love and jealously and via alterations in Othello’s language, as Othello’s confidence in Desdemona is slowly undermined. In the first Act of the play, Othello’s identity is shaped by a variety of negative images which promote the stereotype of the black African slave in a white dominated society. Although these images are not a true reflection of Othello’s identity, Shakespeare has very effectively done this in order to accentuate how Othello’s identity slowly changes throughout the play to reflect the initial images presented to the audience. In Act One, Othello is not once referred to by his actual name. Rather, he is referred to as â€Å"he,† â€Å"him,† and the derogatory terms â€Å"thick-lips† and a â€Å"Barbary horse. † Shakespeare makes use of this technique to establish Othello’s displeasing physical identity. Brabantio also describes Othello as a â€Å"sooty bosom,† whom his daughter Desdemona would never have agreed to marry without the use of witch craft and magic charms, â€Å"If she in chains of magic were not bound, whether a maid so tender, fair and happy, so opposite to marriage that she shunn’d. Contrastingly, Othello’s elevated status in Venetian society, reflected in his high naval position, demonstrates an identity that is greatly respected, so much so that not even the accusations of Brabantio affect his status. This is clearly demonstrated when the duke says, â€Å"Your son in law is far more fair than black,† thus signifying that Othello’s black skin hides an amiable interior. However, as Ot hello’s confidence in Desdemona is undermined, Othello is driven to the verge of insanity and his identity begins to reflect the negative images initially presented in the first act. This is achieved through the use of imagery, in which Othello is likened to the devil, â€Å"And what delight shall she have to look on the devil. † By the end of the play, Othello’s ‘blackness’ starts to show and his identity changes from a â€Å"War like moor,† to a man characterised by wrath and irrationality. In ‘Othello,’ love acts as a binding force between Othello and his wife Desdemona, and the initial impression portrayed by Shakespeare to the audience is of Othello as a romantic who has complete faith in his wife. Othello’s identity is shaped by his infatuation of Desdemona, â€Å"My soul hath her content so absolute that not another comfort like to this succeeds in unknown fate. † The link between Othello’s identity and his love for Desdemona is further accentuated in, â€Å"But I do love thee; and when I love thee not, Chaos is come again. † However as Iago’s manipulative plan takes shape, Othello grows insecure about his relationship and he begins to question why he married, â€Å"Why did I marry? Othello changes from a confident, in control, self-assured man into a doubtful man weakened by his love for Desdemona. His wives supposed infidelity leaves Othello a tormented broken man who is unable to go on living. Jealously is the most corrupting and destructive of emotions, which when instilled in Othello, drives him to insanity and causes substantial changes to his identity throughout the play. Initially, Othello claims not to be a jealous man, â€Å"Do you think Id make a life of jealousy, to follow still the changes of the moon with fresh suspicions? He possesses a â€Å"free and open nature,† and this exceptional vulnerability allows Iago to manipulate Othello’s trusting character and twist his love for Desdemona, into a powerful and destructive jealousy, â€Å"O beware, my lord, of jealously: It is the green eyed monster which doth mock the meat it feeds on. † As soon as Iago launches his deceptive plan and jealously is roused within Othello, it becomes so self-intensifying that he is taken over by an uncontrollable irrationality and his ability to make coherent decisions is over-ridded. Othello’s identity is transformed from a self-assured man into an envious persona and this is cemented in, â€Å"Trifles light as air, are to the jealous confirmations, strong as proofs of holy writ. There is a significant change in identity, â€Å"The Moor already changes with my poison,† from a smart, sensible person, to one characterised by jealously. A distinct transformation in Othello’s language is used to demonstrate how Othello’s identity changes substantially throughout the course of the play. The identity of Othello is closely aligned to his marriage with Desdemona and he feels that his status in society has been elevated because he is a black man married to a high class Venetian women. As Othello’s marriage is demoralised, Othello’s identity undergoes change and these changes are strongly emphasized through Othello’s choice of language. Initially, Othello is an idealist and romantic who generally speaks in verse throughout the play, â€Å"It gives me wonder great as my content to see you here before me. † His language is quixotic and heightened conveying an affectionate persona; one profoundly linked with his flourishing marriage. However, once Othello is made aware of Desdemona’s ‘infidelity,’ their relationship is put under immense strain and Othello grows increasingly stressed, confused and angry. This is reflected in a change in language, which moves from polite and eloquent at the beginning of the play, to aggressive and exceedingly visual, â€Å"I’ll tear her to pieces. † This alteration in language portrays a character change, from a gentleman, to a violent and belligerent person. By the end of the play Othello’s identity transformation is so substantial, he is unrecognisable, â€Å"My lord is not my lord. Othello is no longer the man he used to be. Shakespeare successfully conveys changes to Othello’s identity throughout the course of the play through the contrast of his outwards appearance with his amiable inner identity. His identity changes are further enhanced by the accentuation of the bond between himself and his wife and the devastating effects the weakening of this bond has on him. The destructive force of jealously and Othello’s naive view on marriage are additionally used to show how Othello moves from a confident, strong and highly regarded naval officer to someone completely broken by his love of another.

Production Pit :: Essays Papers

Production Pit Zizek wants to know of Tarkovsky, â€Å"Does his cinematic materialism effectively provide the adequate â€Å"objective correlative† for his narrative of spiritual quest and sacrifice, or does it secretly subvert his narrative?† (254). He looks to Tarkovsky’s writings, which he takes as Russian obscurantist religious mysticism, but ignores the answers already present in Tarkovsky’s film. The basic dynamic he considers is a questioning of the relationship between two given elements of the film, its narrative theme (which Zizek takes as an overall gnosticism, along the theological lines that spirituality demands moving up and away from the body) and its textured visual/aural materiality (which is Zizek’s consideration of the dirt, blending of nature and civilization, and overgrown made world). To critically reassess this acrobatic relation between a filmic quality and a narrative one, I will consider the sole scene and setting of produ ction in action – that late scene in â€Å"The Bell† of plain heavy production. If this scene shows anything, it is production becoming more than a process of manufacture, but always a partially concealed smoky setting with ambiguities of depth and direction. The white smoke that seems present in so many scenes in the film passes through and obscures the thoroughly planned and understood processes that are absolutely crucial to the formation of the Prince’s bell. Water drops down just behind the mastermind of the project, and as Boriska walks right and up he passes the Russian workhorse of a man that seems the muscle of such industrial efforts. A mighty-chested man whose face is obscured by the bowl of water he pours into himself serves not only the Prince of the plot, but as a metonymy for the brute civic engineering that surrounds the decorative/religious world of monastic painters. Just as Tarkovsky’s landscapes are populated with humans, as if just another plant or animal on the horizon, the background, coming in and out of focu s as the image ponders losing its inertia into the workings of the furnace, the sparks, the bellows, and the molten metal that has been riches and will be the bell. Even synthesizer music becomes appropriate, with Andrei’s shoulders and head standing above it all. What we make of these gentle waves of the monastically introverted experience the film tries to get by as isn’t interesting.

Grade 8 Graduation Speech

Grade 8 Graduation Speech Hello, graduating class of 2012! Good evening and welcome to all the parents and families who have came to this graduation ceremony today. Our parents are the people who know us the best in the whole world, even if that seems hard to believe, it's true. They've helped us become the people we are today, and they've done a great job. After all, we wouldn’t be here without them. So, thank you, parents. Today, June, 26th, 2012, is the day that we, as a class, are going to graduate the eighth grade. Of course, we all know that. But do we really understand what it all means?The definition of graduation is to complete a class or course of study. That’s it, the original definition of graduating. To me, graduation means more than that. It means growing, it means changing, and it means moving on. Today, the ceremony might seem like it's all happening too fast, or, it might seem like it's never going to end, but all our lives we'll remember it, and that's what counts. My two years of middle school have been a time to remember, I’ve learned a lot during my time in middle school, and these memories are what we are going to remember for the rest of our lives. For me, it all started on the first week of September.All I saw was these big guys playing basketball and soccer and I was wondering whether or not I will be able to fit in. Everyone else was eagerly waiting for the first school bell to ring after like 3 months of summer while I was just standing there looking everywhere as if I was lost. Eventually, all of these started to change as I started to know people better. Thing was, they weren’t as furious or mean as I thought they might be. In the beginning of the school year, I used to nervously switch classes without actually knowing where to go, but now I am familiar with this school like all the others.I managed to develop many new skills and stuff during grade 7. Before I knew it, it was June, grade 7 ended, and to m y surprise, I'd survived my first year of school in Regent Heights. When we came back from a 3 month long summer, I knew what more teachers would expect from me. 8th grade began. We were the oldest, and the wisest. It was a completely different experience for me, with all the testing for specialised program registrations. It required you to know quite few stuff ahead of what you were being taught.After all of that, term 2 came to an end, and we all started setting goals to do well on the next term. Many activities were held during spring. And as usual, it came to an end. We grew as teams and as a grade, but more importantly as people—figuratively and literally. We became smarter, more confident, and of course, taller. Together, we listened as the guidance counsellors told us about the high school and together we looked over the seemingly endless lists of classes. We turned in our worn, wrinkled, class sheets nervously, but a couple months later, all our worries were gone.Toda y, we will graduate together, in a matter of minutes, leaving behind a school, a grade, our team, and some great, great teachers. Together we will enter the high school next fall, and in four years we’ll graduate again. Senior year will be just like this one, but the intensity will be higher. I’m excited to enter high-school, I’m pretty sure it will be fun. And, I'm sure that we can handle all of it: the teachers, the seniors, and of course, the homework. So, it's time for our graduation. Here, now, today, we're ready, even though we might not know it. Let's go, and let's make today a day that we'll remember forever.

ICRC as an international organization Essay

I. Introduction The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a private humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland. It is granted a unique role, according to International Humanitarian Law (IHL) as codified by the Geneva Conventions as well as customary international law, to protect the victims of international and internal armed conflicts. These victims include war wounded, prisoners, refugees, civilians and hors de combat. The unique relationship with IHL begins with its creation as a response to an increasing need to provide for care for those caught in the cruelties of war. As an actor in the field of IHL it is also responsible for crafting many of IHL’s norms. In sum, the ICRC is an independent neutral organization ensuring humanitarian protection and assistance for victims of war and armed violence. It has a permanent mandate under international law to take impartial action for prisoners, the wounded and ill, and civilians afflicted by conflict. Based in Geneva Switzerland , the ICRC has bases in 80 countries and has a total of more than 12,000 staff. In situations of conflict, the ICRC coordinates the response by National Red Cross and Red Crescent societies and their International Federation. The ICRC is THE origin of INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW, notably the Geneva Conventions. The Red Cross is that rare entity in international relations, a non-governmental sovereign body that is universally respected, crossing borders or battle lines with unusual ease, and possessed of the integrity to solicit funds from public and private entities alike. Willingly or not, hostile parties permit delegations to visit prisoners of war or incarcerated terrorists, attend to refugees (e. g. victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami), protect targets of impending genocide, all while working side by side with local medical and police authorities. In legal terms, the ICRC is specifically acknowledged under International Humanitarian Law as a controlling authority by which is meant â€Å"The power of an organized assemblage of persons to manage, direct, superintend, restrict, and regulate itself.. † outside the ambit of sovereign governments. The latest such affirmation is the Geneva Convention of 1949. In recognition of its non-partisan and cross-border involvements, the ICRC receives special privileges and legal immunities enshrined in the laws of every country that hosts a national chapter. Where multilateral bodies are concerned, international jurisprudence also leans toward many privileges and legal immunities for the ICRC. For example, ICRC delegates who have witnessed abuse and human rights violations in prisons and â€Å"on the ground† are exempted from taking the witness stand in international tribunals. The ICRC may have the characteristics of an international non-governmental organization (NGO) but it was not always so. At the start, membership in the Geneva headquarters was limited to Swiss nationals. As global presence became a fact of life, membership naturally opened up. Nonetheless, the fact is that the Red Cross straddles national borders without benefit of treaty or host government subsidy. Under Swiss law, the ICRC is defined as a private association that, under the terms of a 1993 agreement with the Swiss government, affords this charitable organization the sovereignty, immunity and rights of an embassy. These include the inviolability of Red Cross real property, funds, communications, information archives, and staff members. As well, ICRC personnel have the right to diplomatic-type passports, as well as the related rights of duty-free transfer of goods and services. The ICRC is completely autonomous in the matter of legally recognizing national red Cross or Red Crescent Societies and accepting them into its fold. On admission, a national society gains full standing in the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The ICRC and the Federation both work in partnership with the national societies when it comes to marshalling supplemental human, material, and financial resources, and organizing on-site logistics in international missions. By virtue of the 1997 Seville Agreement, the ICRC is the lead Red Cross agency in international conflicts while local chapters take the lead in non-war situations. National societies will be given the lead especially when a conflict is happening within their own country. The scale of its operations is exemplified by the fact that in 2005, the ICRC budget amounted to 970 million Swiss francs, broken down into 819. 7 million Swiss Francs for field work and another 152. 1 million Swiss francs for internal costs. Each year, every single franc has to be sourced from donation drives. In broad terms, the ICRC mounts Headquarters Appeal to cover its internal costs and the Emergency Appeal for individual missions. By country, Switzerland, the United States, the E. U. Australia, Canada, Japan and New Zealand contribute about 85% of the ICRC budget. Private gifts make up a puny 3% and the balance comes from the national Red Cross societies. [1] WWW. ICRC. org 2 Article 10 Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva , 12 August 1949. available at http://www. icrc. org/IHL. nsf/WebART/380-600013? (Last accessed) 3 ICRC Commentaries on Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva , 12 August 1949. p99 4 Additional Protocol no. I Geneva Convention of 1949. : THE HAND BOOK OF HUMANITARIAN LAW IN ARMED CONFLICTS 316 (Fleck Ed., 1995) 5 Additional Protocol I, art. 18: THE HAND BOOK OF HUMANITARIAN LAW IN ARMED CONFLICTS 316 (Fleck Ed. , 1995) 6 Rome Statute art. 8(2)(b)(vii); THE International Criminal Court: Elements OF Crimes and Rules of Procedure 110 (Lee ed, 2001); Schabas, An Introduction to The International Criminal Court 43-4 (2001) Asian Forum for Human Rights Development, Primer on the International Criminal Court 9 (2000) 7 David P Forsythe , The Humanitarians: The International Committee of the Red Cross, ( Cambridge , NY : Cambridge University Press, 2005), 233. References ________________________________________ [1] WWW. ICRC. org [2] Article 10 Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva , 12 August 1949. available at http://www. icrc. org/IHL. nsf/WebART/380-600013 (Last accessed) [3] ICRC Commentaries on Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva , 12 August 1949. p99 [4] Additional Protocol no. I Geneva Convention of 1949. : THE HAND BOOK OF HUMANITARIAN LAW IN ARMED CONFLICTS 316 (Fleck Ed. , 1995). [5] Additional Protocol I, art. 18: THE HAND BOOK OF HUMANITARIAN LAW IN ARMED CONFLICTS 316 (Fleck Ed. , 1995) [6] Rome Statute art. 8(2)(b)(vii); THE International Criminal Court: Elements OF Crimes and Rules of Procedure 110 (Lee ed, 2001); Schabas, An Introduction to The International Criminal Court 43-4 (2001) Asian Forum for Human Rights Development, Primer on the International Criminal Court 9 (2000) [7] David P Forsythe , The Humanitarians: The International Committee of the Red Cross, ( Cambridge , NY : Cambridge University Press, 2005), 233.

The eNotes Blog NSA Scandal Creates Summers Hottest Best Seller Orwells1984

NSA Scandal Creates Summers Hottest Best Seller Orwells1984 (Photo credit) Isaac Asimov described George Orwells dystopian novel  1984  as an attempt  to show what life would be like in a world of total  evil, in which those controlling the government kept themselves in power by  brute force, by distorting the truth, by continually rewriting history, by  mesmerising the people generally. The novel was written in 1948 and thus set just thirty-five years in the future. This purpose, Asimov explains, was so that  even men who were already in their early middle age at the time the book was  published might live to see it if they lived out a normal lifetime. Those men were around for the very beginning of the Digital Age and now their sons and daughters are remembering the warnings and apparently encouraging others to read it as well.   Although sixty-four years have passed since the publication of  1984,  sales of the novel have skyrocketed, up by a whopping 6,000%  .  Ã‚  The dramatic sales are attributed to  revelations last week that the National Security Administration has been secretly using Big Data to collect information about the communications of Americans, Here are ten   passages from  1984  that are giving a new generation of readers pause: 1.The choice for mankind lies between freedom and happiness and for the great bulk of mankind, happiness is better.† 2. â€Å"Now I will tell you the answer to my question. It is this. The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power, pure power. Power is not a means; it is an end 3. â€Å"Orthodoxy means not thinkingnot needing to think. Orthodoxy is unconsciousness.† 4.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The object of terrorism is terrorism. The object of oppression is oppression. The object of torture is torture. The object of murder is murder. The object of power is power. 5.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"If both the past and the external world exist only in the mind, and if the mind itself is controllable what then?† 6.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"We know that no one ever seizes power with the intention of relinquishing it.† 7.   If you kept the small rules, you could break the big ones.† 8.   The Ministry of Peace concerns itself with war, the Ministry of Truth with lies, the Ministry of Love with torture and the Ministry of Plenty with starvation. These contradictions are not accidental , nor do they result from from ordinary hypocrisy: they are deliberate exercises in doublethink.† 9.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"So long as they (the Proles) continued to work and breed, their other activities were without importance. Left to themselves, like cattle turned loose upon the plains of Argentina, they had reverted to a style of life that appeared to be natural to them, a sort of ancestral patternHeavy physical work, the care of home and children, petty quarrels with neighbors, films, football, beer and above all, gambling filled up the horizon of their minds. To keep them in control was not difficult.† 10.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Revolution will be complete when the language is perfect.†

Free Essay on Eugenics

Free Essay on Eugenics Free Essay on Eugenics Eugenics focused on the idea that the heredity was everything. How relevant is such a perspective in relation to criminality today? This paper focuses on aspects of eugenics as an element that has for a long time in history been considered as paramount in controlling human reproduction. The paper addressed the various eugenic practice in the late 19th century and early 20th century, as well as in the contemporary world, particularly in the western hemisphere. The main reasons why certain human racial groups embrace the use of this practice are also addressed. The relevance of eugenics to the various societies used, in relation to criminality today, are widely discussed in this paper. Eugenics is a scheme that is widely used to enhance an improved human race through a controlled reproduction. This is a practice that became common, reaching much popularity between the late 19th century and the Second World War (Glass 1999, p. 89). A good example of the wide use of eugenic principles was when the German Nazis carried massive sterilization and genocide. Other eugenics forms have been practiced across the universe and are effective in contemporary China, where the population is strictly limited. Major advancements research in medicine such as the human genome project, the society, is still striving to resolve various issues of ethics emerging from eugenic theories (Glass 1999, p. 89). Eugenics is the practice and theory that has been used to improve the generic quality of the human population; it is a social philosophy which advocates genetic traits of humanity, by promoting higher reproduction of individuals with certain desired traits and reducing people of less desired traits (Weikart 2006, p. 57). Positive eugenics encourage higher reproduction of individuals while negative eugenics is viewed as an undermining factor to humanity, because individuals perceived to belong to such category face the risk of being killed as a way of elimination. In the 20th century, ideologies resulting from negative Eugenics led to mass genocide of the Jews during the Hitler’s regime. Elimination of individuals in regard to traits of race and ethnicity has commonly been used in mass murder of certain populations in Europe and North America (Weikart 2006, p. 57). For instance, the genocide of the native Indians in the North American regions is a good example of racial profili ng emerging from eugenic ideologies. Eugenics considered the heredity as everything and many individuals did not want certain traits to be passed to the succeeding generation. Certain traits were considered inferior by some groups and faced the risk of being eliminated. In the early 20th century, social Darwinist viewed medical care as relatively weak and an increased ability to survive, contrary to letting nature take its due course of effective elimination of people (Weikart 2006, p. 57). In Germany, fear was growing among certain individuals that the intervention of medics and welfare policies enabled weak and relatively improvised citizens to sap and survive the nation’s resources. Such ideologies emerging from particular sub-racial groups in Germany expressed how eugenics were considered as everything. Most groups who supported such ideologies felt that the weaker racial or ethnic groups, did not have any right to use the country’s resources (Weikart 2006, p. 57). From one region to another, the mode of reaching the conclusion that a group was inferior highly varied. Support for eugenics in the early 20th century was common across various regions of the world, especially in North America and Europe. There were movements across diverse regions in support of eugenics, openly supporting more birth rates of the fittest individuals and less for the unfit (Ferguson, 2012, p. 83). People who supported the weak or unfit population groups in the society were highly criticized and the term â€Å"racial hygiene† was introduced to encourage aspects of eugenics. For instance, a movement leader in the United States, Margaret Sanger declared more children from the fit and less for the unfit as the key issue of controlled birth rate (Ferguson, 2012, p. 83). This concept by Sanger was readily accepted by communities across the US during the first decade of the 20th century. By 1912, a total of 34 states in the US had already passed laws that rightly denied insane people the right of marriage. Nine states denied epileptic people the right of marriage while 15 states banned the mentally challenged people from marrying each other. Criminal justice of this period continued to be greatly motivated by both economic and social considerations in their arguments that, various feeble minded citizens would not be allowed to pass their undesirable traits to the generation that followed (KüHl 2002, p. 49). Eugenic ideologies became more common throughout the period before the Second World War. Western Europe was characterized by similar eugenic ideologies with criminal justices of various European countries completely in support of such eugenic reasoning. The criminal justice systems of various countries during this time, supported groups thought to be fit by the authorities (Turda Weindling 2006, 107). The unfit groups were not protected by the judges and did not have the rights of marriage in most cases. The proponents of eugenics commonly played a major role in nationalistic fears of diluted stock of race. In Europe, issues of race were used in eugenic profiling barring various sub racial groups in the region from multiplying. The US mainly held eugenic ideologies in regard to common disabilities such as mental and physical challenges. Prior to the Second World War, leading physicians and biologists welcomed an idea by Hitler, one race at the epitome of the new state of Germany (Marrus 1989, p. 90). This resulted into concentration camps as well as genetic research on human beings that defined the Holocaust. The contemporary eugenic ideologies The early 20th century foresaw hundred thousand of Americans who were considered unfit, forcibly being sterilized for what was dubbed as a process of improving the human race. The Criminal Justice in one of its darkest historical chapters sanctioned the process declaring that three generations of unfit Americans were enough. It was not surprising for many Americans during this time to deem the communities they considered unfit or weak, as nothing of the kind. Such communities lived as the most vulnerable group in the region. This is one of the darkest chapters of the United States, which was prevalently characterized by major offensive of the community as well as the Criminal Justice (Thomson 1998, p. 102). The west coast state of California had higher cases of eugenic laws showing higher levels of racial profiling in the America’s History. In the last few decades, eugenic ideologies are still common among individuals and criminal justice of the US, though at a mild rate. According to revelations by a new report compiled by the Centre of Investigative reporting, it was found that between 2006 and 2010 elements of eugenics took place in a health care Centre, in California (Bauman 2013, p. 44). In this report, doctors working under contract at the Californian Correction and Rehabilitation department were alleged to have sterilized at least 150 female inmates without any approval from relevant authorities. In order to sterilize such people, it required approvals from the top medical official in the Sacramento, as required by the Californian state law. These are shocking revelations at a time when most people thought issues of eugenic did not matter anymore (Bauman 2013, p. 44). The revelation is a true testimony that, in the contemporary America, eugenics are still considered as highly important among certain individuals. Issues of controlled birth rates are highly popular in the western societies. Although issues of eugenic ideologies are not much rampant in the region, there are groups that are racially discriminated and face the risk of being sterilized contrary to their wish. Many health professionals in the western societies argue; the cost of being sterilized is relatively small as compared to the cost of rearing a larger number of children. Doctors in the United States are occasionally reported having been engaged in sterilizing procedures of prisoners, especially female inmates (Bauman 2013, p. 44). In most cases, these doctors inquire about the size of inmates’ families before performing sterilizing procedures. Most targeted prisoners were pressured to have various tubal ligations. Inmates with numerous children were sterilized as medics expressed their procedures was only meant to empower the prisoners to have manageable families. In the United States, individuals with many children find it difficult financing the upbringing of the large number of children. For inmates, having a large number of children is seen as a burden to the society, as children need somebody to take care of them (Hasian 1996, p. 68). Issues of eugenics ideologies on the inmate communities are commonly reported across different states of the US. Most of these medics do not seek approval of the state as it is taken as a noble act. More plausible explanations by various professional doctors who have been performing sterilizations, state sterilization as a procedure is commonly done to many people who volunteer to have themselves sterilized. These doctors feel taking the collective responsibility of ensuring that people have lesser, and easily manageable number of children would be ideal for quality life (Hasian 1996, p. 68). For such reasons, inmates with a big number of children should face similar procedures to ensure children are offered the best quality of life. The North American region, particularly the US, has for many years been characterized with forced sterilization. Cases of a continued eugenic genocide in the contemporary America are not a surprise to the majority of people living in the US and abroad. In the modern day society cases of eugenic ideologies, only lack the brutality the Nazis exercised in Germany, before the Second World War. Although today’s societies lack the brutal elements experienced in the early 20th century, there is a war against the weak, which is operated at milder conditions. Horrors of racial hygiene and cases of forced sterilization of inmates, the mentally ill and the poor, have been common in the state of California for decades. In other states, this practice was legal until in the 1970s (Mazumdar 1992, p. 81). Throughout the US, most states made this practice illegal and did not eliminate it. The view of children as a gift from God was no longer applicable in these scenarios. California was the first state in the US to prohibit the sterilization of individuals viewed as weak in the society. Similar to prisons in other parts of the US, the practice, was not eliminated and inmates perceived to be weak were sterilized. Various groups from different parts of the world have been protesting sterilizing of weak communities in today’s societies, all in vain (Hasian 1996, p. 68). This is because most practices taking place across different prisons in the US are not timely detected and most of the inmates falling victims do not disclose their ordeal. In the 21st century, social progressives view eugenics as an ideal tool for both social improvement and reform. Conservatives view eugenics as a tool that has for long been used to limit groups of lower income and reduce their caring cost. There are various ideologies overlapping these political agendas. For example, in the Great Britain and Scandinavian movements of eugenics, the aspect of race played a relatively minor role. This is simply because the majority of people living in this region belong to similar racial groups (Bauman 2013, p. 44). In the North American region, the Anglo Saxons were the majority group and viewed the other groups from either southern Europe or Africa with great suspicion and occasionally blamed them for various social problems like crime, poverty and prostitution. The world may have forgotten the famous steps of Hitler in his dream of creating a super race, but similar practices are still in the contemporary world societies. Cases of eugenic practices in the modern societies are relatively mild, unlike eugenic procedures in the early 20th century, which were commonly brutal (Hasian 1996, p. 68). In today’s society, eugenic practices are considered as important as they were in the past. The recent cases of sterilization of prisoners in the US are good examples of eugenics practices in modern societies. Eugenic of the modern day society are secretly evident unlike in the twentieth century, when social policies widely embraced elements of eugenics to groups that were considered as weak or unfit (Bauman 2013, p. 44). Although major cases of eugenic practice are commonly reported in the United States, most of these incidences happen on extremely discreet occasions. If you need a custom essay written from scratch by professional writers you can get professional writing help from .

Marx, Weber and Durkheim Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marx, Weber and Durkheim - Essay Example From this research it is clear that  a profound reflection of some of the analytic conceptions and broad historical perspectives of Max Weber, it becomes lucid that he assimilated the conservative, liberal, and socialist elements to transform and integrate them into the complex pattern of his works. In fact, his cautionary critique against the apocalyptic social revolutionary predictions in Marx suggests that Weber opened himself to some of the influences from his opponents. Weber’s essential critique of Marx’s philosophy was the result of a thorough understanding of the various principles of Marxism. â€Å"Much of Weber's own work is of course informed by a skilful application of Marx's historical method. Weber, however, used this method as a ‘heuristic principle.’ As a view of world history, Marxism seemed to him an untenable monocausal theory and thus prejudicial to an adequate reconstruction of social and historical connections.†This paper outl ines that  Weber criticized the apocalyptic social revolutionary predictions in Marx which emphasize a segmental perspective with great significance while reducing the multiplicity of casual elements to a single-factor theorem. However, Weber did not directly attack historical materialism as completely wrong, but opposed its claim if establishing a single casual sequence.  Durkheim is another social critic who made pertinent contribution to the sociological perspectives of the period.

Remote surgery, the challenges and opportunities Essay

Remote surgery, the challenges and opportunities - Essay Example Despite the new discoveries in the future there are many challenges and opportunities of technology in the field of healthcare. The following essay will discuss the challenges and opportunies of remote surgery (Lee 56) In remote cancer care, there have been challenges and opportunities experienced in healthcare. Cancer is associated with decreased productivity, death, physical and social problems in cancer patients and their household. Thus, cancer prevention, screening and making treatment in time is essential. Robot surgery has affected the cancer treatment arena.Computerrised and robotic devices can offer enhanced slightly by tremor abolishment, motion scaling, high quality pictures and visions for surgeons, decreased blood that is lost during invasive procedures, great reduction in narcotic use and reducing the number of days patients stay in hospital. All the same there are some challenges such as inadequate of surgical community support, high costs incurred during treatment, an absence of tactual and tactile response. In prostatectomy surgery challenges include inadequate data showing functional results compared to a single port laparoscopy or an open surgery .it has now been found that there are no clear corresponding clinical trials that prove the robotic surgery to be better than the other surgical practices. The other challenge is the licensing of robotic surgeons, this is because it is a critical area of surgery and the surgeons are expected to renew their license in order to show that they are competent in the skills required to fly the plane. The advantages in robotic surgery during prostatectomy include distinct cosmetics benefits and reduced blood loss. The idea that a small incision can be made done in the stomach compared to a big incision during the invasive procedures is quite interesting but this should be done after considering the expenses in terms of time and equipments if there is no